Marketing Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

merchandise Project - Essay ExampleUniversity of moolah Medical Center. In have day, the expenditure on health expenses has increased considerably. Advanced technology has made it much easier to test various health scans through visualise mall. The imaging center service is a profitable business as people exit become sick and thus there will be demand for the imaging examine services. The report will describe the market analysis as well as the company analysis of University of Chicago Medical Center and its strengths and weaknesses in the health care industry of Chicago, its competitors and market environment. Further, the report will provide an insight about the merchandise plan of the services of Cardiac Imaging Center. The marketing plan comprises of marketing mix and forecasted sales of the Cardiac Imaging Center. Table of Contents 1.0 Abstract/Executive Summary 2 Table of Contents 3 2.0 The Challenge 4 3.0 Situation Analysis 4 3.1 Company Analysis 4 3.2 Customer Analysis 5 3.3 Competitor Analysis 5 3.4 environmental Analysis 9 3.5 Porters Five Forces Model 11 4.0 Market Segmentation 13 5.0 Alternative Marketing Strategy 13 6.0 Selected Marketing Strategy 13 6.1 Product 13 6.2 Price 14 6.3 Distribution/Place 14 6.4 Promotion 15 7.0 Short-Term and Long-Term Projections 15 8.0 shutting 17 9.0 References 18 Marketing Project 2.0 The Challenge The challenge of Cardiac Imaging Center of University of Chicago Medical Center is to provide imaging scanning services to the customer with superior quality while maintaining the cost and profitability. The Cardiac Imaging Center will offer solution to various diseases such as heart, lung among others by the experienced doctors and advanced machinery. The University of Chicago Medical Center is already famous for their specialization in Heart, Cancer, Gastroenterology, Diabetes and Neurosurgery. The clients of Cardiac Imaging Center will start up advantage from the exceptional teamwork of medical experts. The C ardiac Imaging Center will perform by mutual association of both cardiologists and physicians which will make the cardiac center successful. The Cardiac Imaging Center will implement an incorporated approach for accomplishing the goal to offer accurate test for right person at right moment. Cardiac Imaging Center will provide full range of advanced imaging technologies such as CT scan which is a strong and quick imaging instrument that creates three dimensional photos of the heart or Cardiac MRI scan which will provide detail picture about the beating of heart (The University of Chicago Medical Center, 2011). 3.0 Situation Analysis 3.1 Company Analysis The University of Chicago Medical Center is known as star of the top hospitals in Chicago city as well as in the USA. With regard to treating diseases such as cancer or diabetes the hospital is listed in the top 50 hospitals. The hospitals operations are quite transparent and it provides every possible support to the customers regar ding any enquiry. According to The University HealthSystem Consortium the University of Chicago Medical Center has effectively displayed performance compared to other medicinal services (The University of Chicago Medical Center, 2011). 3.2 Customer Analysis The facilities of Cardiac Imaging Center will target the major indemnification agents of insurance companies, famous doctors or physicians and various clinics of Chicago city as they can influence and motivate the patients or customers to routine the University of Chicago Medical Center for scanning and imaging purposes. The value driver of University of Chicago Medical Center will be to acquire customers through physicians, doctors and insurance agents. The patients will surely go to the imaging center according to their preference. 3.3 Competitor Analysis

Anecdotes that relates wisdom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Anecdotes that relates wisdom - Essay ExampleThe girl saw this and asked her mother Mom, why are they laughing at that woman? Her mom answered They are laughing at her, because she is fat. Her daughter ported confused and said I would non laugh at anyone just because they are large than me. That would be rude. At the theater, they watched the movie Shrek. When the scene showed Shrek being introduced to the public and people either laughed at him or looked disgusted, her child asked her Mom, why are they laughing at Shrek? Her mom replied Because he is ugly my dear. They are laughing at him for being ugly. Her daughter looked puzzled again and stressed But mom, Shrek is not ugly at all. He just looks different, plainly he sure is not ugly. At home, the daughter seemed sad. Her mom asked her what was bothering her. She said that at school, around of her classmates said that she did not look like her mom, because her mom looked ugly. She told her mom I told them that youre the most beautiful face in my universe. And you know mom, I valued to hurt them. I wanted to push them away. But I stopped myself. Because if I did that, then I would be the ugly one. The mother couldnt help but cry. Lesson 6 ledger Entry 1 of 10 Journal Exercise 6.1 Prewriting - Anecdote With Wisdom Brainstorm a list of contingent topics. To begin, youll need to think of an experience that taught soul a lesson. Like John Knowles, you can draw from the experiences of your own life or you can write pure fiction. Either way, your narration should share some insight or wisdom drawn from the experience. You can choose any writing style thats comfortable for you. For example, you may want to go with a personal, first-person bank clerk like Gene. You may want to write in an omniscient voice to show what all of the characters are thinking. Read back through some of the selections in Collection 13 to see if anything strikes you. Your list can be a mini-version of a writers notebook. Jot down as many different anecdote ideas as you can to give yourself a lot of choices later. Your list might be just a phrase or two to remind you of the characters and maybe the lesson, or it might include more detail about some ideas, like a description of a setting. You should list at least three possible anecdote ideas and the lessons that go with them. Journal entry 1) The anecdote is about a woman who learns the value of simplicity from her own daughter. Her daughter shows her that brands and money do not matter to her. Expensive trips do not matter to her. It only matters that her mom gives her time and attention, because time and attention meant that her mom loved her more than anything in this world. 2) The anecdote is about a workaholic man. He has bought his own house and two automobiles already. Aside from that, he has enough savings that can last him two years or more. But somehow, he is not happy. He learns from an old man with memories of his family that material things are nothing with no one to share them with. 3) The anecdote narrates the life of a scientist looking for the fountain of youth. He already tested several animal and plant enzymes, but he could not find anything that could maintain ones youth. Depressed, he left his life and became a nomad living in the forest, where he meets his future wife. They have a family together. The lesson is not about being young forever, but growing old with people one

How leadership can be pivotal to creating high performance clinical Essay

How leadershipership can be pivotal to creating high performance clinical teams - Essay ExampleFrom cartridge clip immemorial, the success or failure of an organisation or any other human activity depends on the role, the leader plays. The leader is the iodine who can lead humans under him/her to heaven or hell. If the leader follows a set of traits he/ she can sprinkle success on many lives, including the workers in his/her organisation as well as other people who are under their divvy up. A leader will normally take over or preside over or manage an existing organisation. That is, the building or recruiting of the group of workers as well as the installation of infrastructure, set up etc, would film already taken place, with the leader only leading and managing the organisation and servicing the people or customers. This job of taking an existing set up and managing it, brings in set of challenges, which can be taken care by formulating authoritative strategies or solutions. That is, challenges can be overcome by the leaders themselves by implementing the assorted leadership styles according to the situations and needs.Leadership is considered as the art of motivating and leading a specific group of people to function in a certain optimal way, to achieve the set targets. A competent and able leader can actualize an apt working environment for the employees including nurses in a healthcare setting, according to the needs to the situation. Needs of the situation in the sense, in an organisation the situations, targets and even the obstacles will not be the same. Each day organisations including health care organisations would need to set new goals, face new challenges and so initiate new processes. A leader consciously or unconsciously adapts any one of the leadership styles according to the processes or situations. Then with the adapted and relevant leadership style, the leader can adjust the employees to the new processes. Leaders

Providing a sustainable approach to coastal tourism development in Essay

Providing a sustainable onward motion to coastal tourism information in Turkey - test ExampleResearch and policy making on tourism development, at least from now must ensure that there is no effect of such practices on the environment but all along, care must be interpreted to enhance the development of the tourism industry. This dissertation is an initiative in that means that is aimed at providing all key role players in the Mediterranean tourism industry in particular with a clear cut strategy on how to evolve the process of sustainable development and aims to project the advantages of doing so in a descriptive manner. Thus, this dissertation emphasizes that sustainable development will ensure the development & uplift of all sections of the society & economy.In the dissertation, the first chapter would primarily focus on providing the user an insight into the concept of sustainability & bring outs as to how this concept can be put into use in the case of tourism. The second chapter describes the way in which the reader can apply the principles as outlined by the sustainable approach towards actual implementation in the form of description of policies for sustainable development. There is also a need for the reader to understand the current situation that exists in the region under discussion. Therefore, the third chapter describes about tourism in the Mediterranean, how it grew in the region & what has been is impact on the local economy & environment. The fourth chapter extends this discussion further by allowing for the specification of the merits & demerits of the growth of tourism in the Mediterranean region in its current form.Once the description of the existing problems has been mad, the usual approach is to describe about the alternatives & remedies that must be used in order to correct the existing problems with regards to the effect of the current trends in tourism on the Mediterranean ecology. This is taken care of by the next chapter and

Social Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Social Media - Essay ExampleSocial media is much(prenominal) a rich source of education that it has become very easy for slew to know the root-causes of problems, and make informed decisions as to what side they should support. Just standardized everything has sealed positive and negative aspects to it, societal media also has both kinds of cores on the society. Positive piths of social media include creation of awareness in the society regarding the real issues whereas the negative effect of social media is primarily the disorganized and uncivilized retaliation and protest of the people after they realize the potential ways in which they have been targeted. Positive cause of Unbiased Reporting by Social Media Creation of Awareness in the Society closely the Real Issues watchword channels like CBS and Fox News have lost credibility in the eyes of public since people learnt how these channels have tried to manipulate them and feed them with wrong information about the threa ts to the USA from Iraq, when there were none. in that location are a lot of ways in which the television channels tend to dodge the audiences in order to contour their perceptions according to their agenda. An example of the ways in which the television channels play with the audiences is here The Big Three (ABC, CBS, NBC) Wednesday evening newscasts devoted more than 9 transactions (9 minutes, 28 seconds) to the flap over Mitt Romneys statement criticizing the administrations handling of the Libyan crisis but spent just 25 seconds on questions regarding Barack Obamas Middle-East policy, a greater than 20-to-1 disagreement (Dickens). This was intentionally done to make the audiences attention increasingly diverted towards Romneys criticism of Obamas policies and at the same time male the audiences overlook or pay least attention towards the Middle-East policy of the president. In many cases, interests of the television channels are aligned with the interests of specific politic al parties either in shoot or in opposition and the channels make use of its programs include talk shows, news, and discussions to brainwash the audiences in the best interest of the political parties which the channels serve. There are numerous factors that contribute toward making the news spread through social media more reliable. A persons profile on such a social media website as Facebook is essentially his/her virtual identity. People know him/her in the virtual world by that profile. Owing to this fact, people tend to take a breather as much truthful and honest in the expression of their views and opinions on the social media websites as possible because whatever they write on their profile has an effect on their image in the public eye. In order to construct good image and avoid their image from getting tarnished in the public eye, people support what is right and condemn what they really think is wrong on the ethical grounds. Another concrete example of reliability of soc ial media is that it is a clean accurate medium where one can learn cultural perceptions about the latest events around the world as well as debatable topics like gay marriage and euthanasia. All one needs to do is read the comments under the videos on Youtube, and one can know what the people of a certain country generally think about a certain issue. Not only can one understand the generic

Environmental economics Essay Example for Free

Environmental economics EssayThe grocery place forces of demand and supply lead to equilibrium hurt and quantity that mess be employ to allocate computer addresss effectively in mevery of the markets. At times they fail to deliver the best level of yield for society. The government intervenes using various methods to correct market misfortune. This report details the six different types of market failure which shadow occur in the UK in addition to critically detailing how the government attempts to correct market failure. 2. Externalities According to Samuelson (1954) Externalities create a divergence between the private and social costs of occupation. Social costs argon the harvest-tideion cost of a product or service including thirdly party costs in the event of a veto externality the social costs argon much greater than private costs i. e. pollution. Externalities are external costs and benefits which arise during economic phone numberivity but which are not co nsidered by the buyers and sellers involved as they effect third parties only. Ignoring external costs and benefits shadow lead to the wrong level of output in the market. Negative externalities, occasionally referred to as external costs, are the costs that separate social and private costs.They are the costs paid for by third parties, which is usually society as a whole. If negative externalities are left to the market mechanism it could lead to over production. Chivian and Bernstein (2008) concluded, soft drinks in large quantities are unhealthy and could lead to medical lines. This would increase the medical costs for the government, to tackle this issue they could tax soft drinks to discourage use in addition to elevating such(prenominal) perpetrations from healthy drinks consequently providing a cheaper and healthier alternative. Consumers can create externalities by consuming certain goods or services.Pollution from privately owned cars or taxis frequent damage caused by alcohol abuse Litter on streets The UK government address these negative externalities through two primary functions legislations and taxations. Pressure from environmentalist on with studies confirming the existence of global warming forced the UK government to introduce Green taxation. This includes an increase in petrol damages to discourage use of can reliant cars, increase in excise duty on alcohol as well as fines for perpetrators caught in the act of littering.Indirect taxes are used as a means of deterrence on products which could lead to market failure. They differ to specific taxes such as excise duty on tobacco as they are not fixed sum per unit. VAT is an indirect tax which raises cost of production. A pecuniary externality is a type of negative externality which relates to the economic activities rather than physical resources. Apple increased its market share from 25% to 36% in the mobile phone market time others have lost theirs those suffering losses have incurr ed a pecuniary externality (Apple iphone market share, 2011).The key difference between pecuniary and real externality is while real externality ought to require compensation pecuniary should not. Positive externalities, if left to market mechanism, could under produce and would not reach level of output which is socially efficient. Education system, government provides student finance to encourage melloweder education Health service, government provides free health service By investment in human capital via promoting education and providing incentives to stay in education i. e.EMA, the government is assisting corporations through nurturing more educated individuals. This is essential in sustaining the countrys development. Positive externalities can alike have negative effects UK boasts one of the largest fast food market in the world, Britons spend average of ? 7 zillion a day on junk food, which contributed to UK universe crowned as the fattest country in Europe (Britain is Europes fattest nation, 2011). 3. Missing markets Missing markets transpires when there is a failure in the market to produce certain goods or offer services in spite of the level of demand.If conditions are not satisfied markets can compete to exist and since it is unlikely they will ever form they are called missing markets. An example of this occurrence is the saturated globe goods which provides to the population non-excludable and non-rival benefits. The free rider problem can be one of the causes which lead to missing markets the term originates from the example of someone who doesnt pay fares when using public transport. Everyone would want to use the product but would wait till someone else has paid for it which could lead to under-production or even non-production.For example, if an individual does not pay tax he can whitewash use the roads or call the emergency services. Pure public goods and other markets with similar characteristics are unlikely to ever be considered as production line opportunities by individuals or corporations assumption the impossibility of charging consumers at the point of consumption. Pure public good includes street lights, national defence, police, fireworks display etc. All pure public goods have the following characteristics Non-rivalry The consumption of the good by one person does not reduce the quantity available for others.The amount of usage does not correlate with the availability for example a lighthouses light can be seen by more than one ship at all granted time. Non-excludable If the good is provided for one anyone can use it, and they cannot be stopped from using it. Once a streetlight is erected it benefits all passers-by and there is no contingent way of excluding someone. Non-rejectable The public cannot refuse the benefits or consequences of a pure public product. An individual cannot reject being defended by the armed forced of a country, nor can they reject the benefit of street lighting.To tack le the missing market failure the government may seize control of all operations relating to pure public goods and would then be responsible for meeting the demands of the people. In order to fund projects such as road building the government would raise taxes rather than charge individuals. The government introduces money making schemes such as congestion charges to raise funds for the transport system or charge private airlines landing fees at airports. In 2008, as a bid to attain ? 3 billion, an idea was proposed which would introduce congestion charge in Greater Manchester. 4. tuition asymmetry Information asymmetry occurs when there is a lack of symmetry, or balance, between the knowledge of the buyer compared to that of the seller furthermore, the imbalance gets exploited which leads to a misallocation of resources. For instance, an unscrupulous dentist capability tell his patient he needs lots of dental work make, when in reality not so much is required, just to create busi ness. This can also be seen in righteousnessyers, car mechanics, doctors etc. In the UK there are several virtues which help the consumers and warrant them rights if a product is purchased or a service is used.The Trade Descriptions lick 1968 was introduced to observe manufactures and retailers from misleading consumers by stating all products must be sold as described, of satisfactory quality, and fit for purpose(OFT, 2011). This obstructs businesses from deceiving individuals by allowing them rights to know exactly what the product is. To inform consumers of their rights the government has setup websites and institutions which can be used to attain information readily. The OFT (Office of becoming Trading) was set up in 1973 to enforce both consumer protection and competition law, acting as the UKs economic regulator.They can be contacted by consumers who would be given guidance about their matter and legal advice. The OFT carry out investigations into alleged unfair practice s if consumers feel wronged for example, in June 2010 an investigation into credit score websites was unfastened after consumers complained about being charged monthly subscriptions fees. Verdict was reached and the accused companies agreed to not mislead consumers by making these charges known (Investigation into unfair practices, 2011). 5. privation of competition in the marketAccording to OConnor (2012) a monopoly occurs if at least of the two conditions are satisfied The only organization in the attention Substantial barriers of entry The UK government and many other agencies, informally, refer to any company with more than 25% market share as a monopoly. This includes companies on a national, regional or local scale. Monopolist businesses act as damage maker, ascribable to lack of competition, therefore can create artificially high prices if demand exists to earn abnormal salary.This is very different to the situation which occurs when competition exists in the market whe re businesses are constantly trying to reduce prices to undercut competitors. A regulative trade practice is a strategy used to reduce competition and raise prices of products. Cartels are formed when businesses agree to set prices high, they are also illegal in UK. Competitors are forbidden to collude in restricting the flow of goods to a particular person or business. The UK government has various legislations to prevent abuse of power. Monopolies and Restrictive Practices Act (1948)In 1948 the Monopolies Commission was created to investigate industries where businesses are acting in collusion to limit competition. A report will be published after the investigation is concluded and will be given to the government to take necessary action. Monopolies and Mergers Act (1965) This act was created to investigate or prevent business that control at least 25% of the market from merging together. The Monopolies Commission would investigate the case then allow the merge to take turn up o r disallow it if it does not act in the interest of the public. Restrictive Trade Practices Act (1956)Restrictive Trade Practices Act made it illegal for manufactures to act in collusion and control the prices at which their product is sold at in retail stores. The Registrar of Restrictive Practices acts as a database, businesses have to read any restrictive agreements between the manufactures. Fair Trading Act (1973) This act established the Office of Fair Trading with the aim of enforcing the act. Consumer protection and Competition law were the main agenda. The goal is to ensure markets work well for consumers, ensure strong competition and prohibit unlawful practices.Consumer protection was enhanced as businesses would be given warning at first but will be taken to court if problems persist. Competition Acts (1980 and 1998) Large businesses may limit competition and increase profits by predatory pricing, excessive prices, refusal to supply and price discrimination. This act was created to ensure businesses do not abuse their dominant market position and to deal with restrictive business practices. The EU influenced this act as the UK had to comply with EU competition policy.This act will be enforced by the Director General of Fair Trading and business if found at fault will be liable to financial penalties. Enterprise Act (2002) This act establishes new competition authorities, reformulates the law regarding mergers and markets, changed the law governing insolvency bankruptcy and criminalises anti-competitive behaviour. It also enhanced the Office of Fair Trading powers allowing it to carry out searches under warrant on the suspected mergers. Businesses can now appeal against the decisions made by the Competition Commission.The Minister of Trade and Industry used to play a major role but due to inconsistencies he no longer has the final say regarding mergers. 6. Unstable prices Unstable prices apply particularly to commodities, any naturally accruing subs tances, such as fossil fuels, coffee, husk etc. If left to the market mechanism they tend to suffer from fluctuations in prices much more frequently than manufactured goods, which create problems for the suppliers of these commodities as they cannot plan with any certainty on what gross they are going to receive.Lipsey and Harbury (1993) discussed the two strategies the government tries to control the price with Price hood The government imposes a maximum price limit that can be charged for a particular item in order to protect consumers from environments that would make commodities inaccessible. A binding price jacket is when the government decides to set the price ceiling down the stairs that of the free market price for example, if bread costs ? 2. 00 on the free market a price ceiling of ? 1. 00 would be considered a binding price ceiling.However, this can also have undesired results as some suppliers may slump out of the market as they cannot deal with the deficit, causing supplies to reduce and demand to increase as consumers bulk buy cheap items. A non-binding price ceiling is when the price ceiling is set above the free market price giving the suppliers/manufactures a buffer zone which is unlikely to have any practical effect. Price grade A price floor is the minimum price that can be charged for a product or service.If the mandatory price is set below the free market equilibrium price then it will have no practical effect but if the minimum price is set higher(prenominal)(prenominal) than the free market price it would mean consumers will have to pay more for the product. This could lead to demand falling which would result in manufactures seeing revenue decrease. An example of a minimum floor price is the National Minimum Wage Act 1998 which dictates the lowest amount employees can be paid. 7. Labour market failureLabour market should, according to Gregg and Wadsworth (2011), reach a certain equilibrium wage and quantity but in practice this ra rely happens. Listed below are some potential causes of market failure Labour and skills immobility Labour cannot always be where the jobs are, this is called geographical immobility. Skills immobility is when tug does not birth the right skills to fulfil the job. For example, coal miners lost their jobs when new industries were formed and because of the mismatch in skill they are left unemployed.Discrimination Race, gender, height, weight and age are some examples of discrimination which can take place and could lead to market failure. The government intervenes by creating legislations such as the National Minimum Wage Act and Equal Pay Act to help protect peoples rights at work. They also offer incentives for students to continue into further education. Gangmasters are the main employers in a town and will use their buying power to force wages below the national minimum wage rate.The government set up the GLA (Gangmasters Licensing Authority) to help control this problem and pro tect workers (Labour markets, 2009). 8. Conclusion The UK government acts admirable in the event of market failure to prevent further damage being inflicted onto the economy. However, the monopolistic business control acts are not in my estimation deterring businesses from unhealthy practices enough. The green initiative is laughable at best considering most households more often than not are in possession of two cars compared to just a single vehicle few years ago.Clearly more needs to be done to protect the environment. Although high petrol prices and an increase in insurance act as a deterrent to some the lack of alternatives is detrimental to the efforts. A higher tax should be implemented on tobacco as it is causes negative externalities which not only affect the individual but also the government, NHS spend on average five billion a year on treating diseases directly caused by smoking (Buckley,2003). 9. Bibliography Samuelson, P. A. , 1954, the pure theory of public expenditu re, harvard university press. Chivian,E. C. and Bernstein, A.B. , 2008, sustaining life, oxford university press. OConnor, A. C. , 2012, monopoly the cause of evil, Lightning source uk ltd. Gregg, P. G. and Wadsworth, J. W. , 2011, The labour market in winter the state of working britian, OUP oxford. Lipsey,R. G. L and Harbury,C. D. H. ,1993, first principles of economics, Weidenfield and Nicolson. Buckley,C. B. , 2003, thank you for smoking, Allison and busby. reuters. 2011. Apple iPhone market share. ONLINE Available athttp//www. reuters. com/article/2011/12/22/smartphones-europe-idUSL6E7NM0PI20111222. Accessed 25 January 12.metro. 2011. Britain is Europes fattest nation. ONLINE Available at http//www. metro. co. uk/news/38242-britain-is-europes-fattest-nation. Accessed 25 January 12. office of fair trading. 2011. Investigation into alleged unfair practices. ONLINE Available athttp//www. oft. gov. uk/OFTwork/consumer-enforcement/consumer-enforcement-completed/adaptive-affinity/. A ccessed 25 January 12. labour market failure. 2009. labour markets. ONLINE Available athttp//www. tutor2u. net/economics/presentations/labour_market_failure/player. html. Accessed 25 January 12.

Leadership Imperatives in the Arab-American University Essay Example for Free

Leadership Imperatives in the Arab-American University EssayLeadership in a instruct of higher and advanced information such as the Arab-American University requires collaborative and confrontational ch every(prenominal)enges with a number of issues, typical but not limited to that of all educational installation.Such issues as heathen diversity, inclusivity, intellectual activities such as interrogation and instruction, social involvements such as community extension services, savants affairs, finance, selling, strategic business models, organizational theories, profitability and sh arholder value, political and social congruencies and differences, among others, frequently create deep chasms to and between the various school sectors that atomic number 18 ironically bound by a viridity purpose quality education. This is made more(prenominal) take oning when Arab and American views are integrated in a single community.What unique leadershiphip and man suppuratem ent model therefore would apply under such a sensitive configuration? What risk solicitude intervention would constantly prevail? What residual risks or synergy, if any, would be evident? Leadership and caution in an educational institution are perhaps among the most musket ball, sensitive and confrontational roles a maestro can assume. Business organizations established for profit are far easier managed and take as there is that environment and mandate of meekness required of every employee based on employment contracts and agreements.This compliance system gives the manager the elbow board to adopt an organizational approach under a theory x or y scenario. Admittedly, discipline under an entrepreneurial undertaking is demanded primarily to correspond shareholder value targets and for survival secondarily. Universities are considered more complex than most organizational systems as they demand the most professional processes than any other institution. Schools are assumed t o be the fount and cradle of learning, hence a strong exemplary modeling of instructors and administrators are always the subject of intensive scrutiny among other sectors.Would this university therefore require a business-like management style or an organization leadership mix that is as fluid as the socio-cultural and political dimensions? . In an age where socio-cultural and political diversities are characterized with the widest spectra and extremes, the establishment of an Arab-American intellectual Mecca can be expected to require the most intense professional and socio-cultural leadership anywhere. This study would be implicated in identifying areas of collaboration magical spell addressing confrontational issues and risks along the process.Similarly, the relevance of this study along multicultural settings in complex and diverse forms and in highly professional environment would transcend, even revolutionize all assumptions, hypothesis and even all forms of propositions ab out multicultural biases. Brief history of the Arab-American University The Arab-American University (AAU) was established in 1973 as non-sectarian, non-profit and non-government institution of higher learning. Its primary purpose is to address the educational needs of Arab-Americans starting from preschool to basic, secondary, higher education, to receive and post-graduate levels.Among its goals and objectives include providing full scholarships to families of indigent but intellectually undetermined members of the Arab-American community in a specific area with a relatively high density of Arab-American families. While the university accepts Muslim students, it also caters to students from other religious and cultural denominations and groups.. The university is primarily a combination of a business college potently oriented towards information technology and engineering courses, twain technical and baccalaureate degrees.The university is composed of septenary schools the Scho ols of Business Management, Hospitality Management, Accountancy, Nursing and Midwifery, Medicine, Arts, Political and the Social Sciences, Polytechnic Institute composed of the Departments of Architecture, Computer Science, Electronic Communications Engineering, Civil and Mechanical Engineering and charming Arts, its flagship programs includes Accountancy where it ranks among the top 50 business schools in the United States, Electronics Communications Engineering, Nursing, Hospitality Management and Mechanical Engineering.All seven schools are verticalized with their respective graduate schools. As of the year 2008, the university boasted a population of 30,000 highly selected students and scholars from 25 states and 15 countries mostly from the Middle East and Asian countries. Its student population increases by an average out of 15 per cent and expected to hit 50,000 by 2012. Presently, it maintains two campuses the Chicago and Urbana Campuses, each with its own charter and sep arate sets of faculty. All courses are offered in both campuses.For the last three years, AAU has garnered a number of academic awards, including twelve top researches awards in Accountancy, Computer Sciences, Nursing, Electronic Communications Engineering Awards. As of December 31, 2008, the school started to become consistent in its passing rate for the Accountancy, Nursing and Engineering courses all averaging about 80 per cent against the national norm of 40 per cent. For nursing, AAU has started to cash register a 100 per cent passing rate in the Nursing Board Examinations.All colleges and schools in the university are headed by a Dean of the College and are assisted by a Vice Dean with a pool of Academic Chairs for each of the courses or majors within the college. A Faculty depositary is the administrative officer of each college or school and must be a holder of a doctors degree in any of the courses in the college where he or she is assigned. The faculty secretary is the p oint person of every college but maintains a built-in six units of academic load in addition to his full-time administrative work.The university boasts of complete state of the art facilities for all of its laboratory classes including its basic education department. Its library is one of the most complete, up-to-date libraries in the world with the most comprehensive collection of traditional and electronic materials. During the last five years, the university has been the recipient of awards for excellence in community involvement and extension services. Its research center laboratory enjoys an endowment fund fund from where it trains and maintains its pool of researchers from the ranks of the faculty.Leadership Efficiency and Effectiveness and the primary key concepts adopted in the university Just like any school of advanced learning, the university is a complex organization that adheres to the mission, vision, goals and objectives it has demanded from itself and its academic a nd non-academic employees the highest standards of professionalism, responsiveness, community involvement, strong, visible and dynamic research-orientations and the disciplinary but compassionate relationship maintained with the students of all levels.To be effective and efficient, the university periodically asserted its need to formalize and communicate its strategic, tactical and operational plan in the same other successful organizations do. (Robbins, 2003). spirit ahead and beyond the current smirchs in the industry, (in this case the education sector) brings uncertainties and risks into the open and allows the organization a clear style of managing, confronting and even avoiding those uncertainties and risks. (Shaw,2003).The university makes sure that it conducts its strategic preparation session annually before the onset of the succeeding year in time for translating the strategic level into the tactical component as well as operationalizing the tactical level. (Anthony G ovindarajan, 2001). Similarly, AAU never fails to conduct an evaluation and assessment of its preset plans as means of determining where it is and what constraining and enabling factors it is experiencing. (Atkinson et al, 2003).This evaluation additionally renders the university an effective means of addressing change (Koller as cited by Robbins, 2003). These planning and change management processes articulates AAUs assertion of leadership under inherent socio-cultural complexities through with(predicate) clear visioning and communication initiatives to all its stakeholders that for galore(postnominal) years, permit been encouraged to actively participate in the planning sessions. This has greatly contributed to the overwhelming atmosphere of professionalism in the university.The senior administrators of AAU may not have formal training on complexity management, but their organizational leadership styles enable the attainment of an enviable cohesiveness as a team with a common p urpose of being that of addressing ignorance and mediocrity where they are needed. AAUs uniqueness stems from its capability to harness its management with the leadership character to instill regulatory and policy compliance without having to assert authority and power in between (House cited by Robbins, 2003).It is surprising that even under intense pressure to compete and manage the scarce resources provided endowment the AAU is able to integrate the sensitive and complex balance scorecard approach in its strategic end making. (Kaplan Norton, 2004). The university attributes this success factor on its priority for choosing its leaders under the trait theory that reducees on the personal qualities along charisma, exemplary modeling, attitude, enthusiasm and even personal traits common to both cultures as courage and determination.(Robbins,2003). disrespect rigorous studies on identifying leadership traits for its management, supervisory and staff positions, the university corre lates traits such as drive and ambition, integrity which includes honesty and sincerity, competence along knowledge and skills and even mind of sacrifice. (Robbins,2003). The university however, continues to insure a dearth of this type of managers with the leadership dimension due to the expansion and establishment of similar institutions outside of the United States.Thus, aware of this constraint, AAU emphasizes its executive and management development training programs to prepare the transition of its key plurality towards the great demand for exemplary modeling (DelaTorre, 2006) that is, managers and leaders who took initiatives to address the personal needs of the employees as means of making them more productive in the process. (Robbins, 2003). The university seldom experiences the risks of the groupthink factor (Shafritz Ott on Janis,1992) as it respects the need for all decision makers to be super knowledgeable and skilled in the decision making processes.Being a part o f its strategic objectives, the annual development programs encourage AAU employees to be continuously motivated, through the behavioral theory approach, effectively deciding as a team in addressing organizational objectives. This motivational drive expands the employees horizons and capabilities towards job satisfaction and sustainable learning and growth of its human capital (Kaplan Norton, 2003). As a result, AAU has achieved in just 25 years what other universities tried to accomplish in a nose candy and under the most challenging multicultural scenarios.On one hand, the leadership and management mix being adopted in the university guarantees and assure empowerment of units and people towards autonomy and self-regulation. This is granted after intensive training on decision making and university processes that includes appreciation and utilization of marketing researches and theories in support of policy readiness and implementation. The immense authorities and power given es pecially to the respective heads of offices, primarily the Deans of Colleges and Schools, are always tempered with management control systems to guide all decisions towards execution of goals every inch of the way.The resultant good governance, control and transparency outcomes of this empowerment initiatives unburdens the senior management with operational concerns, thus allowing this level a clear focus on the strategic direction of the university and strengthening its social and political influence through good governance and risk management processes (Shaw,2003) On the other hand, the administrative efficiency has been excellently adopted through specialization and responsibility accounting that enables units to address issues at every level strengthening the span of control while focusing tasks towards a specific class of clients, concerns and even the university campus designated purposely for the educational services. (Shafrits Ott on Simon, 1992).The leadership styles and practices exercised by the AAU stakeholder group are creating new levels of efficiency and potentiality in the hierarchy and creating precedents as well as new theories to emerge in the realm of university value-based (Koller, 1994) management and organizational leadership. These new learning and growth perspectives have revolutionized the balanced scorecard (Horngren et al, 2000) and stakeholder principles (DelaTorre, 2006) with an exemplary mix of leadership innovations. Despite the control risks that mix might be spawned by the staff turnovers experienced during the last hardly a(prenominal) years, the university has maintained a loyalty index of more than ten years among its people. This is a sustainability plus factor in human resource management of the school. another(prenominal) key principles and concepts adoptedIn the area of instruction, research and extension services for example, excellence in the classroom is primarily driven by a strongly motivated select members of the faculty pool whose training and development focus is based on aligning the needs of the teachers with the needs of the university. This congruency theory in objectives (DelaTorre, 2006) allows for unwashed and beneficial relationship between faculty providers and students. The intervention theory (Shafrits Ott on Argyris, 1992) in organizations demands a strong psychotherapy approach (Rogers Roethlisberger, 2000) to communications. The theory presupposes the presence of a special relationship between people to enable openness and transparency among constituents.Teachers display this practice in terms of open and complementary student advising and focal point sessions not only as part of the intervention process but a critical part of the formation process in education. Students need and demand attention in the form of interventions especially in difficult and complex scenarios they find themselves in the process of earning a degree. Thus this psychotherapy theory helps in p roviding a strong motivational environment in the classroom opens avenues for students to be creative and enthusiastic about their career plans. Secondarily, this special attention given to student clientele becomes a strong promotional and marketing tool for the university in attracting students even from those school already established.The need for any intensive advertising and marketing efforts to project the identity of the schools are addressed by the students themselves who become informal marketing and testimonial proofs of quality education. This has expanded the market of the university even to those non-Arab-Americans who appreciate the doctrine that the school articulates and manifests through its graduates. Managing and leading a university in the current socio-economic environment becomes problematic even under the various principles of organization (Shafritz and Ott on Cohen and March, 1992). These anarchic ambiguities of purpose, power, experience and success can ren der even the most competent university president to fail in some circumstances in due time. Thus the management and organizational leadership mix is both critical and mandatory.This allows the president to grab the appropriate management and leadership tool at a given situation and scenario and exert and even allow certain precedent-setting decisions to effect changes with the least minimum resistance or optimum cooperation. Thus, inability along this line runs the risk of get confused with his leadership character or manager authority or some hybrid in between. For AAU, the consultation process with the constituents and stakeholders becomes the medium by which decision critical to every office heads functions are articulated. This explores the best idea possible while addressing and dissipating potential resistance to any innovations and measures not comfortably understood or appreciated.